IGNOU MCO-23 December 2025 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.(a) What do you mean by strategy ? What are the various levels at which a strategy may exist ? 3+7

(b) Explain strategic intent. List the different elements in the strategic management process.

Q2.(a) Why is Resource Based View important for organisations ? Discuss. 10 [ 2 ] MCO–23

(b) Explain what is external analysis. What is its relationship with strategy formulation ?

Q3.Define Corporate Governance. Describe different models of Corporate Governance.

Q4.(a) Discuss the strategic control process. What are the types of strategic control ? 5+5

(b) What do you mean by diversification ? Explain its types.

Q5.What is a Differentiation Strategy ? Explain the various types of differentiation strategies. Also, discuss the key advantages and disadvantages associated with implementing a differentiation strategy. 5+8+7

Q6.What is competitive strategy ? Discuss with illustrations. What are the different dimensions which need to be considered while formulating a competitive strategy ? 8+12 [ 3 ]

Q7.Write short notes on any four of the following : 4×5=20

(a) EPRG framework

(b) PESTLE framework

(c) Ethics and Values

(d) Retrenchment Strategies

(e) Social Media Competitive Analysis [ 4 ] MCO–23 okf.kT; esa LukrdksÙkj mikf/k (,e- dkWe-) l=kar ijh{kk fnlEcj] 2025 ,e-lh-vks-&23 % lkefjd izca/ku le; % 3 ?k.Vs vf/kdre vad % 100 uksV % fdUgha ik¡p iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSaA 1-

(v) j.kuhfr ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ os dkSu&ls fofHkUu Lrj gSa ftu ij j.kuhfr ekStwn gks ldrh gS \ 3$7

(c) lkefjd ea'kk D;k gS \ lkefjd çca/ku çfØ;k esa fofHkUu rRoksa dh lwph cukb,A 5$5 [ 5 ] MCO–23 2-

(v) lalk/ku vk/kkfjr n`f"Vdks.k laxBuksa ds fy, D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS \ ppkZ dhft,A 10

(c) O;k[;k dhft, fd cká fo'ys"k.k D;k gS A j.kuhfr fuekZ.k ds lkFk bldk laca/k D;k gS \ 10 3- fuxeh; 'kklu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A fuxeh; 'kklu ds fofHkUu ekWMyksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 5$15 4-

(v) lkefjd fu;a=.k çfØ;k dh foospuk dhft,A lkefjd fu;a=.k ds çdkj D;k gSa \ 5$5

(c) fofo/khdj.k ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \ blds çdkj crkb;sA 10 5- foHksnu j.kuhfr D;k gS \ foHksnu j.kuhfr;ksa ds fofHkUu çdkjksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A lkFk gh ] foHksnu j.kuhfr dks ykxw djus ls tqM+s çeq[k ykHk vkSj uqdlku ksa ij ppkZ dhft,A 5$8$7 6- çfrLi/khZ j.kuhfr D;k g S \ mnkgj.kksa ds lkFk ppkZ dhft,A çfrLi/khZ j.kuhfr rS;kj djrs le; fdu fofHkUu vk;keksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS \ 8$12 [ 6 ] MCO–23 7- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, % 4”5=20

(v) bZ-ih-vkj-th- ÝseodZ

(c) isLVy (PESTLE) <k¡pk (l) uSfrdrk vkSj ewY; (n) N¡Vuh dh j.kuhfr;k¡

(b) lks'ky ehfM;k çfrLi/khZ fo'ys"k.k