BGGCT-131 · December 2025 · English
IGNOU BGGCT-131 December 2025 Previous Year Question Paper
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Structured previous year question paper for BGGCT-131, December 2025 session.
Max marks: 100 · Questions: 10
Verified: 10 Aug 2026
B. SC. (GENERAL)
(BSCG/BSCM)
Term-End Examination
December, 2025
BGGCT-131 : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : All questions are compulsory. Marks are
mentioned against each question.
Q1.Answer any five of the following questions : 5x4=20 @ Write any two differences between ‘P’ and ‘S’ seismic waves. Gi) Mention any four characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
(ii) Define ‘weather’ and ‘climate’. Bring out any two differences between them.
(iv) What is ‘Mean Daily Temperature’ ? Define isotherms.
(v) Define ‘ice shelf and ‘iceberg’.
(vi) Explain briefly two types of ocean deposits of volcanic origin.
(vii) What are the two types of diastrophic forces ? Explain briefly by giving one example of each.
(viii) Explain two components of ecosystem in brief.
Q2.Critically analyse the planetesimal and tidal hypothesis regarding origin of earth and solar system.
Q3.Give a detailed description and comparison of Airy’s and Pratt’s views on Isostasy with illustrations.
Q4.Explain the Convection Current Theory of mountain building with suitables diagrams.
Q5.Critically explain Davisian Model of Cycle of Erosion in detail. Give suitable illustration to support your answer.
Q6.Differentiate ‘Planetary winds’ and ‘Seasonal winds’. Explain three types of planetary winds with the help of an illustration.
Q7.What is condensation ? Explain the following terms/processes' related to condensation :
(a) Hygroscopic nuclei
(b) Adiabatic warming and cooling
(c) Stability and Instability of the Atmosphere
Q8.Explain ‘mid-oceanic ridge’ and ‘ocean basins’. Describe any five mid-oceanic ridges and any five basins of Indian Ocean. Support your answer with appropriate sketch.
Q9.Define ‘Salinity’ of ocean water. How is it expressed ? Describe five factors affecting the salinity of ocean water. Describe the trend of latitudinal distribution of salinity in the oceans.
Q10.Answer any two of the following questions in about 600 words each : 2x10=20 @) What are ‘biomes’ ? List the nine types of biomes giving one salient feature for each. Gi) Illustrate and describe briefly any four factors formed by the work of sea waves. @ii) Describe the four subdivisions of tropical rainy climates.
(iv) Discuss the currents of Atlantic Ocean with illustration. 5x4=20 [71