IGNOU MED-002 December 2024 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.(a) Explain the term ‘Sustainability’. Describe the origin of the concept of Sustainable Development. 5

(b) Differentiate between sustainable and non- sustainable activities. Provide your suggestions to reduce non-sustainable activities.

Q2.(a) Define the term ‘Ecological Footprint’.

Q3.Elaborate how an individual puts pressure on Earth through their demands that leads to high ecological footprints. Suggest methods to reduce the ‘Ecological Footprints’ in your own words. 5

(b) Explain ‘Inter-generational Equity and Justice’. Provide suitable examples to illustrate your point of view.

Q4.(a) Explain the ‘ecosystem approach’ to study sustainable development. What are the challenges to this approach ? 5

(b) What are the ‘Human Development’ approaches used to study sustainable development ? Explain.

Q5.(a) What is ‘Sustainable livelihood’ ? Give five types of capital assets with examples from which individuals draw their livelihood. 5

(b) What are the problems and challenges associated with harmonising development policies with sound environment policies ?

Q6.Elaborate any two problems with suitable examples.

Q7.(a) Explain sustainable animal production practices in agriculture and elaborate with examples. 5

(b) What are the hurdles in the way of effective implementation of environmental law at the International level ?

Q8.(a) Write a short note on energy availability in the world. Describe the sectors that use renewable and non-renewable energy. Suggest appropriate interventions to make optimum use of energy resources for sustainable development. 5

(b) Describe the impact of Innovation in Industry.

Q9.(a) How has the traditional knowledge contributed to the survival of the communities through the ages ? 5

(b) Explain the role of non-governmental organisations in sustainable development.

Q10.(a) Explain ‘Climate Change’ with example.

Q11.How does it affect sustainable development ? 5

(b) Describe the role of civil society in the decision-making process in environment and development related matters.