IGNOU BPYC-134 June 2025 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.Write an essay on the salient features of Enlightenment period.

Q2.Critically evaluate Locke’s theory of knowledge.

Q3.Discuss in detail Leibnitz’s laws of ‘sufficient reason’ and ‘pre-established harmony’.

Q4.Explain the theory of innate ideas of Descartes. How does Locke refute the theory of innate ideas ?

Q5.Answer any two of the following questions in about 200 words each :

(a) Examine Berkeley’s theory of knowledge. 10

(b) Discuss the concepts of absolute knowledge in Hegel’s philosophy. 10

(c) Describe the concept of class and class struggle in Marx’s Philosophy. 10

(d) Write the salient features of Modern Western Philosophy.

Q6.Answer any four of the following questions in about 150 words each :

(a) Write a note on the Ontological Argument given by Leibnitz. 5

(b) What is the dialectic method of Hegel ? Explain. 5

(c) Write a note on Hume’s theory of causation. 5

(d) Differentiate between phneomenon and noumenon. 5

(e) How does Descartes prove the existence of God ? 5

(f) What are the attributes of Substance or God according to Spinoza ?

Q7.Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each :

(a) Determinism of Spinoza 4

(b) Esse est percipi 4

(c) Impression and Ideas 4

(d) Transcendental Freedom 4

(e) Alienated labour 4

(f) Truths of Reason 4

(g) Synthetic a priori knowledge 4

(h) Hume’s rejection of Free-Will