IGNOU BPYC-134 December 2025 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.Write an essay on the salient features of Renaissance period.

Q2.Discuss in detail the nature of knowledge according to Kant.

Q3.How does Berkeley refute ‘Abstract Ideas’ ?

Q4.Explain in detail.

Q5.Elaborate on Leibnitz theory of Monads.

Q6.How does he argue for the possibility of the interaction between ‘Windowless Monads’ ?

Q7.Answer any two of the following questions in about 200 words each :

(a) Write a note on the concept of substance of Spinoza. 10

(b) Explain the difference between truths of reason and truths of fact. 10

(c) How does Berkeley prove _ the immateriality of substance ? 10

(d) Briefly discuss Locke’s theory of ideas.

Q8.Answer any four of the following questions in about 150 words each :

(a) Write a note on Dialectic method of Hegel. 5

(b) How does Hume reject the notion of Free-will ? 5

(c) Briefly discuss the concept of ‘Transcendental Freedom’ of Kant. 5

(d) Describe Locke’s representative theory of perception. 5

(e) What does Berkeley mean by ‘Esse Est Percipi’ ? 5

(f) What is Spinoza’s concept of Determinism ? Explain.

Q9.Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each :

(a) Methodic Doubt 4

(b) Skepticism of Hume 4

(c) Class Struggle 4

(d) Alienation 4 (९) Dualism 4

(f) A Priori and A Posteriori 4

(g) Phenomenon and Noumenon 4

(h) Pre-established Harmony