IGNOU BECS-184 December 2025 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.A. (HONS.) ECONOMICS / B. A. (MULTIDISCIPLINARY) (BAG/B.COM./B.SC./BAECH/BAM) Term-End Examination December, 2025 BECS-184 : DATA ANALYSIS Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 as per instructions.

Q2.Explain various measures of central tendency. What is the relationship among mean, median and mode ? Point out situations where median and mode are suitable.

Q3.(a) Give a brief account of the methods of primary data collection.

(b) Explain the steps involved in planning and organization of a sample survey.

Q4.Distinguish between null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. Explain the steps you would follow in testing of a hypothesis.

Q5.What is a composite index ? Explain how a composite index is constructed.

Q6.Explain the difference between single bar diagram and histogram. Construct a histogram from the following data : Scores in numerical Frequency ability 10-20 15 20-30 30 30-40 50 40-50 35 50-60

Q7.Explain how p-value method is used in hypothesis testing.

Q8.Distinguish between correlation and causation. Explain how cause and effect between two variables (X = cause and Y = effect) can be analysed.

Q9.Give a brief account of the sources and the limitations of secondary data.

Q10.Briefly describe various techniques of analyzing multivariate data.

Q11.Explain the techniques by which qualitative data can be analysed.

Q12.Explain the concept and implications of the coefficient of determination.

Q13.Write short notes on any three of the following :

(a) Confidence interval

(b) Central limit theorem

(c) Random variable

(d) Standard error

(e) Types of data 5x12=60 10-20 15 20-30 30 30-40 50 40-50 35 50-60