IGNOU MCO-22 December 2024 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.Distinguish between primary and secondary data. Discuss the various methods of collecting primary data. Indicate the situation in which each of these methods should be used. 5+5+10 [ 2 ]

Q2.What are the general guidelines of forming a frequency distribution with particular reference to the choice of class intervals and number of classes ?

Q3.“The success of collecting data through a questionnaire depends mainly on how skillfully and imaginatively the questionnaire has been designed.” Explain in the view of the statement, designing of questionnaire.

Q4.(a) Calculate the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data : 10 Class Interval Frequency 0—10 27 10—20 10 20—30 7 30—40 5 40—50 4 50—60 2 [ 3 ] MCO–22

(b) Distinguish between Karl Pearson’s and Bowley’s coefficient of skewness. Which one of these would you prefer and why ?

Q5.What do you understand by the term ‘Probability theory ’ ? Explain different approaches to Probability theory.

Q6.What do you mean by the ‘Chi -square distribution’ ? Explain how would you use it in testing independence of categorized data and testing the goodness of fit.

Q7.Why is forecasting so important in business ?

Q8.Identify the application of forecasting for short term and medium-term decisions. 6+7+7

Q9.Write short notes on any four of the following : 5×4=20

(a) Decision Tree Approach

(b) Non-probability sampling

(c) Normal Distribution

(d) Hypothesis Testing Procedure

(e) SPSS [ 4 ]

Q10.Distinguish between any four of the following : 5×4=20

(a) Descriptive Statistics vs . Inferential Statistics

(b) Qualitative Research vs . Quantitative Research

(c) Variance vs. Mean

(d) One-tailed test vs. Two-tailed test

(e) Correlation vs. Regression [ 5 ] MCO–22 okf.kT; esa LukrdksÙkj mikf/ (,e- dkWe-) l=kkar ijh{kk fnlEcj] 2024 ,e-lh-vks-–22 % ek=kkRed fo'ys"k.k vkSj izca/dh; vuqiz;ksx le; % 3 ?k.Vs vf/dre vad % 100 uksV %

(i) fdUgha ik¡p iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A

(ii) lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSaA 1- izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d vk¡ dM+ksa ds c hp varj Li"V dhft,A izkFkfed vk¡dM+s ,d=k djus dh fofHkUu fof/;ksa ij ppkZ dhft,A izR;sd rjhds dk mi;ksx fdl fLFkfr esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,] mls bafxr dhft,A 5$5+10 [ 6 ] MCO–22 2- oxZ varjkyksa vkSj oxks± dh la[;k ds p;u ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa vko`fÙk forj.k cukus ds lkekU; fn'kk &funsZ'k D;k gSa \ 20 3- ¶iz'ukoyh ds ekè;e ls MsVk ,d=k djus dh liQyrk eq[; :i ls bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd iz'ukoyh fdruh dq'kyrk vkSj dYiuk'khyrk ls fMtkbu dh xbZ gSA¸ bl dFku ds ifjisz{; esa iz'ukoyh dh fMtkbfuax le>kb,A 20 4-

(v) fuEufyf[kr vk¡dM+ksa ds fy, ekè; ] fopj.k vkSj ekud fopyu dh x.kuk dhft, % 10 oxZ vUrjky vko`fÙk 0—10 27 10—20 10 20—30 7 30—40 5 40—50 4 50—60 2 [ 7 ] MCO–22

(c) dkyZ fi;lZu vkSj ckmys ds fo"kerk xq.kkad ds chp varj Li"V dhft,A vki buesa ls fdls pqusaxs vkSj D;ksa \ 10 5- ^izkf;drk fl¼kar * ' k C n l s v k i D ; k l e > r s g S a \ izkf;drk fl¼kar ds vyx&vyx n`f"Vdks.k dks le>kb,A 8$12 6- ^dkbZ&oxZ (Chi-square) forj.k* ls vkidk D;k vfHkizk; gS \ Li"V dhft, fd oxhZÑr MsVk dh Lora=krk dk ijh{k.k djus vkSj fiQV dh vPNkbZ dk ijh{k.k djus esa vki bldk mi;ksx dSls djsaxs \ 8$12 7- O;olk; esa iwokZuqeku bruk egRoiw.kZ D;ksa gS \ vYidkfyd vkSj eè;e vof/ ds fu.kZ;ksa ds fy, iwokZuqeku ds vuqiz;ksx dh igpku dhft,A 6$7$7 8- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, % 4×5=20

(v) fu.kZ; o`{k n`f"Vdks.k [ 8 ] MCO–22

(c) xSj&izkf;drk uewukdj.k (l) lkekU; forj.k (n) ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k izfØ;k 9- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj esa varj crkb, % 4×5=20

(v) o.kZukRed lkaf[;dh cuke vuqekukRed lkaf[;dh

(c) xq.kkRed 'kks/ cuke ek=kkRed 'kks/ (l) fopyu cuke ekè; (n) ,d&iqPNh; ijh{k.k cuke f}&iqPNh; ijh{k.k (;) lglEcU/ cuke izrhixeu