IGNOU MCO-021 December 2024 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.“Managerial Economics serves as a link between traditional economics and decision sciences for business de cision-making.” Elucidate.

Q2.Discuss various determinants of demand with suitable examples. 20 [ 2 ]

Q3.Discuss various demand forecasting techniques with suitable examples.

Q4.With the help of suitable examples , explain the following : 6+6+8

(i) Actual cost and opportunity cost

(ii) Explicit cost and implicit cost

(iii) Accounting cost and economic cost

Q5.(a) Explain the relationship between average product, marginal product, average variable cost and marginal cost with the help of graph. 10

(b) Explain Break -even output level with the help of a suitable example.

Q6.Describe economies and diseconomies of scale with suitable examples.

Q7.Discuss the classification of market structures based on their characteristics by citing suitable examples. Explain the factors determining the nature of competition. 10+10 [ 3 ]

Q8.Write short notes on any two of the following : 10+10

(a) Pricing under perfect competition

(b) Profit maximising output of a monopoly firm

(c) Kinked demand curve

(d) Price discrimination [ 4 ] MCO–021 okf.kT; esa LukrdksÙkj mikf/ (,e- dkWe-) l=kkar ijh{kk fnlEcj] 2024 ,e-lh-vks--021 % izcU/dh; vFkZ'kkL=k le; % 3 ?k.Vs vf/dre vad % 100 uksV % fdUgha ik¡p iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSaA 1- ¶izcU/dh; vFkZ'kkL=k O;olk; fu.kZ;u ds fy;s ikjEifjd vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj fu.kZ; foKku ds chp ,d dM+h ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA¸ foLrkj ls le>kb,A 2- ek¡x ds fofHkUu fu/kZjdksa dh mnkgj.k lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A 20 3- ek¡x iwokZuqeku dh fofHkUu rduhdksa dh mnkgj.k lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A 20 [ 5 ] MCO–021 4- fuEufyf[kr dh mfpr mnkgj.k lfgr O;k[;k dhft, % 6$6$8

(i) okLrfod ykxr vkSj volj ykxr

(ii) Li"V ykxr vkSj vLi"V ykxr

(iii) ys[kkadu ykxr vkSj vk£Fkd ykxr 5-

(d) vkSlr mRikn ] lhekUr mRikn ] vkSlr ifjorhZ ykxr vkSj lhekUr ykxr ds chp D;k lEcU/ gS \ xzkiQ lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A 10 ([k) ykHk&vykHk (czsd&bou) mRikn Lrj dh mfpr mnkgj.k lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A 10 6- cM+s iSekus dh fdiQk;rsa vkSj vykHk dh mfpr mnkgj.k lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A 20 7- fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kj ij cktkj lajpuk ds oxhZdj.k dh O;k[;k dhft, vkSj mfpr mnkgj.k izLrqr dhft,A izfr;ksfxrk ds Lo:i dks fu/kZfjr dj us okys dkjdksa dh Hkh O;k[;k dhft,A 10$10 [ 6 ] MCO–021 8- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, % 10$10

(d) iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk ds rgr dher fu/kZj.k ([k) ,dkf/dkj iQeZ dk ykHk vf/dre mRiknu (x) ¯dd ek¡x oØ (?k) dher foHksnu