IGNOU BGGCT-135 December 2023 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.Attempt any five of the following questions in about 150 words each : 5×4=20

(a) State any four characteristics of physical environment.

(b) Explain the types of biogeography.

(c) Describe the characteristic features of vegetation in equatorial regions.

(d) What are halophytes and xerophyes ?

(e) What is water pollution ? State any three causes of water pollution. [ 2 ] BGGCT–135

(f) What is ‘ecosystem services’ ? Name the three categories of services provided by the ecosystem.

(g) What is Nagoya Protocol ? State any three benefits of Nagoya Protocol.

Q2.Attempt any five of the following questions in about 250 words : 5×6=30

(a) What are forest principles ? Explain the main purpose of these principles. State any three global objectives to reach the goals set by these principles.

(b) What is Sustainable Development ? Explain briefly Sustainable Development Goals mentioning any four of them.

(c) Explain briefly any three causes of noise pollution.

(d) What is desertification ? Mention any five human activities responsible for desertification.

(e) Explain any three impacts of human on the equatorial regions.

(f) Describe flora and fau na of the desert biome.

(g) Discuss in brief ‘the outer’ and ‘the inner’ environment of the social environment. [ 3 ] BGGCT–135 Note : Answer question no s. 3 to 7 in 500 words each.

Q3.What is human ecology ? D iscuss human ecology as a multi disciplinary concept. Explain the role of human in the development of industrial and urban society.

Q4.Discuss in detail and five measures to control air pollution.

Q5.Highlight major features of human - environment relationship in the mountainous regions in the context of agricultu re and allied activities and settlements.

Q6.Explain coastal ecosystem and associated problems with suitable examples.

Q7.Describe any five strategies adopted for management solid and liquid wastes.

Q8.Differentiate between in-situ and ex-situ management of biodiversity. Explain any two ways adopted for th e management of biodiversity. [ 4 ]

Q9.What is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ? Differentiate between regional and sectoral EIA. Explain any five scopes of EIA.

Q10.What is environmental monitoring ? Describe any eight purposes of environmental monitoring.

Q11.What is ozone layer depletion ? Name any four major sources responsible for ozone depletion.

Q12.Describe any three harmful effects of ozone depletion. Explain any three remedial measures for preventing ozone depletion.

Q13.What are the constitutional provision s made under Article 48A and 51A

(g) ? Discuss in brief the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. [ 5 ] BGGCT–135 2023 -135 [ 6 ] BGGCT–135 [ 7 ] BGGCT–135 [ 8 ]