IGNOU MED-008 June 2025 Previous Year Question Paper

Q1.Answer any four of the following questions : 4x5=20

(a) Explain the changing nature of globalisation through technology and trade.

(b) Distinguish between ‘Treaty’ and ‘Protocol’.

(c) Describe any one case in the Indian context when NGOs entered into conflict with socio-political movements.

(d) Describe any five implications of globalisation on environment.

(e) Mention any five characteristics of Environmental Sound Technologies (EST).

(f) Describe any two examples which show the role of Indian Judiciary towards protecting the environment.

Q2.Answer any three of the following questions :

(a) Describe the five vulnerable earthquake zones in India.

(b) Distinguish between direct and indirect wartime impacts giving examples for each.

(c) Describe any two _ principles of International Environmental Law.

(d) Briefly discuss any five environmental concerns of South Asia. (९) What is ‘Carrying Capacity’ of environment ? How do unsustainable growth processes degrade the ecosystem ?

Q3.Answer any three of the following questions :

(a) What are the two types’ of environmental standards ? Explain how environmental standards vary in different countries.

(b) Explain how 1992 Earth Summit was a landmark in placing environment firmly on international agenda.

(c) What is Chipko Movement ? What were the major political gains of the movement ?

(d) Briefly discuss Amartya Sen’s concept of Human Resource Development through eduation.

(e) Mention any five multilateral agreements related to protection and conservation of biodiversity. 4x5=20